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Location where technology is being evaluated : Village-Govindpura, Taluka Veraval, Distt.-Junagarh and Village-Ramnath and Rabade, Taluka- Kalol, Distt.-Panchmahal.

Number of people approximately being served by the technology : 1200 Govindpura, 2600 Ramnath and 1400 Rabade.

Since when it is in operation? : More then 30 years.

Who Designed / Planned and who implemented / constructed the technology?
Mr. Ram RamBhai Devashi (45 Years) Village-Govindpura, Taluka Veraval, Distt.-Junagarh, Mr. Mensibhai Khemabhai Jatewa (45 years) Village-Ramnath, Taluka- Kalol, Distt.-Panchmahal and Mr. Parbatbhai Rajabhai Wala (42 Years), Village-Rabade, Taluka- Kalol, Distt.-Panchmahal.

Who is taking care of the technology now? : By the farmers own.

Are there any standards available which need to be fulfilled by the technology? If yes which? : For Irrigation and Drinking water supply.

Are operations and maintenance data records available? : No

Please provide a brief summary of the history/evolution of this technology in the selected case study :

Lateral Virda’s are the comparatively recent modification in the form of a lateral hole dug in the existing ancient virda (traditional water harvesting well system). These came into being around thirty years back because in this region due to a hard ground layer below 10-15 feet, it is not feasible to dig a new virda and thus the horizontal extensions. Besides, it also proves its worth as it saves lot of expenses in shifting the electric motor, extension wires, poles, etc. for electric and water supply. Lateral Virda is thus dug in the horizontal direction rather than vertically in the already existing well. Sometimes even up to ten such lateral holes can be dug purely depending upon the water requirement as well as availability of water. The size and the dimensions of the lateral virda depend on several factors such as soil properties, requirement, affordability of the owner etc. The diameter varies between four to six inch and the length can extend up to 300 feet with the direction pointing slightly upwards so that the water can easily come downwards in the lateral virda with the help of gravitational force.